libertaria-stack/l0-transport/lwf.zig

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//! RFC-0000: Libertaria Wire Frame Protocol (v2)
//!
//! This module implements the core LWF frame structure for L0 transport.
//! Optimized for "Fast Drop" routing efficiency.
//!
//! Key features:
//! - Fixed-size header (88 bytes) - Router Optimized Order
//! - Variable payload (up to 9000+ bytes)
//! - Fixed-size trailer (36 bytes)
//! - Checksum verification (CRC32-C)
//! - Signature support (Ed25519)
//! - Explicit SessionID (16 bytes) for flow filtering
//!
//! Header Layout (88 bytes):
//! ┌───────────────────────┬───────┐
//! │ 00-03: Magic (4) │ Fast │
//! │ 04-27: Dest Hint (24) │ Route │
//! │ 28-51: Src Hint (24) │ Filt │
//! ├───────────────────────┼───────┤
//! │ 52-67: SessionID (16) │ Flow │
//! │ 68-71: Sequence (4) │ Order │
//! ├───────────────────────┼───────┤
//! │ 72-73: Service (2) │ Polcy │
//! │ 74-75: Length (2) │ Alloc │
//! │ 76-79: Meta (4) │ Misc │
//! │ 80-87: Timestamp (8) │ TTL │
//! └───────────────────────┴───────┘
const std = @import("std");
/// RFC-0000: Frame Types / Classes
pub const FrameClass = enum(u8) {
micro = 0x00, // 128 bytes (Microframe)
mini = 0x01, // 512 bytes (Miniframe) - formerly Tiny
standard = 0x02, // 1350 bytes (Frame)
big = 0x03, // 4096 bytes (Bigframe) - formerly Large
jumbo = 0x04, // 9000 bytes (Jumboframe)
variable = 0xFF, // Custom/Unlimited (Variableframe)
pub fn maxPayloadSize(self: FrameClass) usize {
const overhead = LWFHeader.SIZE + LWFTrailer.SIZE; // 88 + 36 = 124 bytes
return switch (self) {
.micro => if (128 > overhead) 128 - overhead else 0,
.mini => 512 - overhead,
.standard => 1350 - overhead,
.big => 4096 - overhead,
.jumbo => 9000 - overhead,
.variable => std.math.maxInt(usize), // Limited by allocator/MTU
};
}
};
/// RFC-0000: Frame flags
pub const LWFFlags = struct {
pub const ENCRYPTED: u8 = 0x01; // Payload is encrypted
pub const SIGNED: u8 = 0x02; // Trailer has signature
pub const RELAYABLE: u8 = 0x04; // Can be relayed by nodes
pub const HAS_ENTROPY: u8 = 0x08; // Includes Entropy Stamp (Payload Prefix)
pub const FRAGMENTED: u8 = 0x10; // Part of fragmented message
pub const PRIORITY: u8 = 0x20; // High-priority frame
};
/// RFC-0000: LWF Header (88 bytes fixed)
/// Order optimized for Router Efficiency: Routing -> Flow -> Context -> Time
pub const LWFHeader = struct {
pub const VERSION: u8 = 0x02;
pub const SIZE: usize = 88;
// RFC-0121: Service Types
pub const ServiceType = struct {
pub const DATA_TRANSPORT: u16 = 0x0001;
pub const SLASH_PROTOCOL: u16 = 0x0002;
pub const IDENTITY_SIGNAL: u16 = 0x0003;
pub const ECONOMIC_SETTLEMENT: u16 = 0x0004;
pub const RELAY_FORWARD: u16 = 0x0005;
// Streaming Media (0x0800-0x08FF)
pub const STREAM_AUDIO: u16 = 0x0800;
pub const STREAM_VIDEO: u16 = 0x0801;
pub const STREAM_DATA: u16 = 0x0802;
// P2P / Swarm (0x0B00-0x0BFF) - Low Priority / Bulk
pub const SWARM_MANIFEST: u16 = 0x0B00; // Handshake/InfoDict
pub const SWARM_HAVE: u16 = 0x0B01; // Bitfield
pub const SWARM_REQUEST: u16 = 0x0B02; // Interest
pub const SWARM_BLOCK: u16 = 0x0B03; // Data Payload
};
// 1. Identification & Routing (Top Priority)
magic: [4]u8, // "LWF\0"
dest_hint: [24]u8, // Blake3 truncated DID hint
source_hint: [24]u8, // Blake3 truncated DID hint
// 2. Flow & Ordering (Filtering)
session_id: [16]u8, // Explicit Flow Context
sequence: u32, // Anti-replay counter
// 3. Technical Meta
service_type: u16, // Protocol ID
payload_len: u16, // Data size
frame_class: u8, // FrameClass enum
version: u8, // 0x02
flags: u8, // Bitfield
entropy_difficulty: u8, // PoW Target
// 4. Temporal (Least Critical for Routing)
timestamp: u64, // Nanoseconds
/// Initialize header with default values
pub fn init() LWFHeader {
return .{
.magic = [_]u8{ 'L', 'W', 'F', 0 },
.version = VERSION,
.flags = 0,
.service_type = 0,
.dest_hint = [_]u8{0} ** 24,
.source_hint = [_]u8{0} ** 24,
.session_id = [_]u8{0} ** 16,
.sequence = 0,
.timestamp = 0,
.payload_len = 0,
.entropy_difficulty = 0,
.frame_class = @intFromEnum(FrameClass.standard),
};
}
/// Validate header magic bytes
pub fn isValid(self: *const LWFHeader) bool {
const expected_magic = [4]u8{ 'L', 'W', 'F', 0 };
// Accept v1 or v2? Strict v2 for now.
return std.mem.eql(u8, &self.magic, &expected_magic) and self.version == VERSION;
}
/// Serialize header to exactly 88 bytes
pub fn toBytes(self: *const LWFHeader, buffer: *[88]u8) void {
var offset: usize = 0;
// 1. Magic (4)
@memcpy(buffer[offset..][0..4], &self.magic);
offset += 4;
// 2. Dest Hint (24)
@memcpy(buffer[offset..][0..24], &self.dest_hint);
offset += 24;
// 3. Src Hint (24)
@memcpy(buffer[offset..][0..24], &self.source_hint);
offset += 24;
// 4. Session ID (16)
@memcpy(buffer[offset..][0..16], &self.session_id);
offset += 16;
// 5. Sequence (4) big-endian
std.mem.writeInt(u32, buffer[offset..][0..4], self.sequence, .big);
offset += 4;
// 6. Service Type (2) big-endian
std.mem.writeInt(u16, buffer[offset..][0..2], self.service_type, .big);
offset += 2;
// 7. Payload Len (2) big-endian
std.mem.writeInt(u16, buffer[offset..][0..2], self.payload_len, .big);
offset += 2;
// 8. Meta Fields (1 byte each)
buffer[offset] = self.frame_class;
offset += 1;
buffer[offset] = self.version;
offset += 1;
buffer[offset] = self.flags;
offset += 1;
buffer[offset] = self.entropy_difficulty;
offset += 1;
// 9. Timestamp (8) big-endian
std.mem.writeInt(u64, buffer[offset..][0..8], self.timestamp, .big);
offset += 8;
std.debug.assert(offset == 88);
}
/// Deserialize header from exactly 88 bytes
pub fn fromBytes(buffer: *const [88]u8) LWFHeader {
var header: LWFHeader = undefined;
var offset: usize = 0;
@memcpy(&header.magic, buffer[offset..][0..4]);
offset += 4;
@memcpy(&header.dest_hint, buffer[offset..][0..24]);
offset += 24;
@memcpy(&header.source_hint, buffer[offset..][0..24]);
offset += 24;
@memcpy(&header.session_id, buffer[offset..][0..16]);
offset += 16;
header.sequence = std.mem.readInt(u32, buffer[offset..][0..4], .big);
offset += 4;
header.service_type = std.mem.readInt(u16, buffer[offset..][0..2], .big);
offset += 2;
header.payload_len = std.mem.readInt(u16, buffer[offset..][0..2], .big);
offset += 2;
header.frame_class = buffer[offset];
offset += 1;
header.version = buffer[offset];
offset += 1;
header.flags = buffer[offset];
offset += 1;
header.entropy_difficulty = buffer[offset];
offset += 1;
header.timestamp = std.mem.readInt(u64, buffer[offset..][0..8], .big);
offset += 8;
return header;
}
};
/// RFC-0000 Section 4.7: LWF Trailer (36 bytes fixed)
pub const LWFTrailer = extern struct {
signature: [32]u8, // Ed25519 signature
checksum: u32, // CRC32-C
pub const SIZE: usize = 36;
pub fn init() LWFTrailer {
return .{
.signature = [_]u8{0} ** 32,
.checksum = 0,
};
}
pub fn toBytes(self: *const LWFTrailer, buffer: *[36]u8) void {
@memcpy(buffer[0..32], &self.signature);
@memcpy(buffer[32..36], std.mem.asBytes(&self.checksum));
}
pub fn fromBytes(buffer: *const [36]u8) LWFTrailer {
var trailer: LWFTrailer = undefined;
@memcpy(&trailer.signature, buffer[0..32]);
@memcpy(std.mem.asBytes(&trailer.checksum), buffer[32..36]);
return trailer;
}
};
/// RFC-0000 Section 4.1: Complete LWF Frame
pub const LWFFrame = struct {
header: LWFHeader,
payload: []u8,
trailer: LWFTrailer,
pub fn init(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, payload_size: usize) !LWFFrame {
const payload = try allocator.alloc(u8, payload_size);
@memset(payload, 0);
return .{
.header = LWFHeader.init(),
.payload = payload,
.trailer = LWFTrailer.init(),
};
}
pub fn deinit(self: *const LWFFrame, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) void {
allocator.free(self.payload);
}
pub fn size(self: *const LWFFrame) usize {
return LWFHeader.SIZE + self.payload.len + LWFTrailer.SIZE;
}
pub fn encode(self: *const LWFFrame, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) ![]u8 {
const total_size = self.size();
var buffer = try allocator.alloc(u8, total_size);
var header_bytes: [88]u8 = undefined;
self.header.toBytes(&header_bytes);
@memcpy(buffer[0..88], &header_bytes);
@memcpy(buffer[88 .. 88 + self.payload.len], self.payload);
var trailer_bytes: [36]u8 = undefined;
self.trailer.toBytes(&trailer_bytes);
const trailer_start = 88 + self.payload.len;
@memcpy(buffer[trailer_start .. trailer_start + 36], &trailer_bytes);
return buffer;
}
pub fn decode(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, data: []const u8) !LWFFrame {
if (data.len < 88 + 36) return error.FrameTooSmall;
var header_bytes: [88]u8 = undefined;
@memcpy(&header_bytes, data[0..88]);
const header = LWFHeader.fromBytes(&header_bytes);
if (!header.isValid()) return error.InvalidHeader;
const payload_len = @as(usize, @intCast(header.payload_len));
if (data.len < 88 + payload_len + 36) return error.InvalidPayloadLength;
const payload = try allocator.alloc(u8, payload_len);
@memcpy(payload, data[88 .. 88 + payload_len]);
const trailer_start = 88 + payload_len;
var trailer_bytes: [36]u8 = undefined;
@memcpy(&trailer_bytes, data[trailer_start .. trailer_start + 36]);
const trailer = LWFTrailer.fromBytes(&trailer_bytes);
return .{
.header = header,
.payload = payload,
.trailer = trailer,
};
}
pub fn calculateChecksum(self: *const LWFFrame) u32 {
var hasher = std.hash.Crc32.init();
var header_bytes: [88]u8 = undefined;
self.header.toBytes(&header_bytes);
hasher.update(&header_bytes);
hasher.update(self.payload);
return hasher.final();
}
pub fn verifyChecksum(self: *const LWFFrame) bool {
const computed = self.calculateChecksum();
const stored = std.mem.bigToNative(u32, self.trailer.checksum);
return computed == stored;
}
pub fn updateChecksum(self: *LWFFrame) void {
const checksum = self.calculateChecksum();
self.trailer.checksum = std.mem.nativeToBig(u32, checksum);
}
};
// ============================================================================
// Tests
// ============================================================================
test "LWFFrame creation" {
const allocator = std.testing.allocator;
var frame = try LWFFrame.init(allocator, 100);
defer frame.deinit(allocator);
try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 88 + 100 + 36), frame.size());
try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(u8, 'L'), frame.header.magic[0]);
try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(u8, 0x02), frame.header.version);
}
test "LWFFrame encode/decode roundtrip" {
const allocator = std.testing.allocator;
var frame = try LWFFrame.init(allocator, 10);
defer frame.deinit(allocator);
frame.header.service_type = 0x0A00;
frame.header.payload_len = 10;
frame.header.timestamp = 1234567890;
// Set a session ID
frame.header.session_id = [_]u8{0xEE} ** 16;
@memcpy(frame.payload, "HelloWorld");
frame.updateChecksum();
const encoded = try frame.encode(allocator);
defer allocator.free(encoded);
try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 88 + 10 + 36), encoded.len);
var decoded = try LWFFrame.decode(allocator, encoded);
defer decoded.deinit(allocator);
try std.testing.expectEqualSlices(u8, "HelloWorld", decoded.payload);
try std.testing.expectEqual(frame.header.service_type, decoded.header.service_type);
try std.testing.expectEqualSlices(u8, &frame.header.session_id, &decoded.header.session_id);
}
test "FrameClass payload sizes" {
// Overhead = 88 + 36 = 124
// Micro: 128 - 124 = 4 bytes remaining
try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 4), FrameClass.micro.maxPayloadSize());
// Mini: 512 - 124 = 388
try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 388), FrameClass.mini.maxPayloadSize());
// Big: 4096 - 124 = 3972
try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 3972), FrameClass.big.maxPayloadSize());
}